equity stock - перевод на Английский
![[[Bernard Madoff]] claimed to make money for him and others by trading stocks; in fact, it was all fictitious (see [[Ponzi scheme]]).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/BernardMadoff.jpg?width=200 "[[Bernard Madoff]] claimed to make money for him and others by trading stocks; in fact, it was all fictitious (see [[Ponzi scheme]]).")
![Crowd gathering on [[Wall Street]] after the [[Wall Street Crash of 1929]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Crowd outside nyse.jpg?width=200 "Crowd gathering on [[Wall Street]] after the [[Wall Street Crash of 1929]]")
![[[Technical analysis]] is the use of graphical and analytical patterns and data to attempt to predict future prices.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/MACD example, fast=12 slow=26 smooth=9.png?width=200 "[[Technical analysis]] is the use of graphical and analytical patterns and data to attempt to predict future prices.")
 on July 11, 2008.jpg?width=200 "language=en-US}}</ref>")
![Historical photo of stock traders and [[stockbroker]]s in the [[trading floor]] of the [[New York Stock Exchange]] (1963)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/NY stock exchange traders floor LC-U9-10548-6.jpg?width=200 "Historical photo of stock traders and [[stockbroker]]s in the [[trading floor]] of the [[New York Stock Exchange]] (1963)")
![Beurs van Hendrick de Keyser]] in Dutch).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/SA 3025-De binnenplaats van de Beurs van Hendrick de Keyser.jpg?width=200 "Beurs van Hendrick de Keyser]] in Dutch).")
![[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] headquarters in [[Washington, D.C.]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission headquarters.JPG?width=200 "[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] headquarters in [[Washington, D.C.]]")
![[[Warren Buffett]] became known as one of the most successful and influential stock investors in history. His approach to investing is almost impossible for individual investors to duplicate because he uses leverage and a long-term approach that most people lack the will to follow.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120824131556/http://www.reuters.com/video/2012/08/24/reuters-tv-dont-follow-buffett-because-you-cant-reu?videoId=237254576&videoChannel=117772 Don’t follow Buffett because you can’t], [[Reuters]] (August 24, 2012)</ref>](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Warren Buffett KU Visit.jpg?width=200 "[[Warren Buffett]] became known as one of the most successful and influential stock investors in history. His approach to investing is almost impossible for individual investors to duplicate because he uses leverage and a long-term approach that most people lack the will to follow.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120824131556/http://www.reuters.com/video/2012/08/24/reuters-tv-dont-follow-buffett-because-you-cant-reu?videoId=237254576&videoChannel=117772 Don’t follow Buffett because you can’t], [[Reuters]] (August 24, 2012)</ref>")
Смотрите также
![Offices of [[Bursa Malaysia]], Malaysia's national stock exchange (known before demutualization as Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bursa Malaysia.JPG?width=200 "Offices of [[Bursa Malaysia]], Malaysia's national stock exchange (known before demutualization as Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange)")
![Helsinki, Finland]], 1965](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Helsingin-porssi-1965.jpg?width=200 "Helsinki, Finland]], 1965")
![title-link=Irrational Exuberance (book) }}</ref> In the preface to this edition, Shiller warns, "The stock market has not come down to historical levels: the price-earnings ratio as I define it in this book is still, at this writing [2005], in the mid-20s, far higher than the historical average... People still place too much confidence in the markets and have too strong a belief that paying attention to the gyrations in their investments will someday make them rich, and so they do not make conservative preparations for possible bad outcomes."](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/IE Real SandP Prices, Earnings, and Dividends 1871-2006.png?width=200 "title-link=Irrational Exuberance (book) }}</ref> In the preface to this edition, Shiller warns, \"The stock market has not come down to historical levels: the price-earnings ratio as I define it in this book is still, at this writing [2005], in the mid-20s, far higher than the historical average... People still place too much confidence in the markets and have too strong a belief that paying attention to the gyrations in their investments will someday make them rich, and so they do not make conservative preparations for possible bad outcomes.\"")
![[[London Stock Exchange]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paternoster Square.jpg?width=200 "[[London Stock Exchange]]")
![Price-Earnings ratios as a predictor of twenty-year returns based upon the plot by [[Robert Shiller]] (Figure 10.1).<ref name="IE2"/> The horizontal axis shows the real price-earnings ratio of the S&P Composite Stock Price Index as computed in ''Irrational Exuberance'' (inflation adjusted price divided by the prior ten-year mean of inflation-adjusted earnings). The vertical axis shows the geometric average real annual return on investing in the S&P Composite Stock Price Index, reinvesting dividends, and selling twenty years later. Data from different twenty-year periods is color-coded as shown in the key. Shiller states that this plot "confirms that long-term investors—investors who commit their money to an investment for ten full years—did do well when prices were low relative to earnings at the beginning of the ten years. Long-term investors would be well advised, individually, to lower their exposure to the stock market when it is high, as it has been recently, and get into the market when it is low."<ref name="IE2"/>](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Price-Earnings Ratios as a Predictor of Twenty-Year Returns (Shiller Data).png?width=200 "Price-Earnings ratios as a predictor of twenty-year returns based upon the plot by [[Robert Shiller]] (Figure 10.1).<ref name=\"IE2\"/> The horizontal axis shows the real price-earnings ratio of the S&P Composite Stock Price Index as computed in ''Irrational Exuberance'' (inflation adjusted price divided by the prior ten-year mean of inflation-adjusted earnings). The vertical axis shows the geometric average real annual return on investing in the S&P Composite Stock Price Index, reinvesting dividends, and selling twenty years later. Data from different twenty-year periods is color-coded as shown in the key. Shiller states that this plot \"confirms that long-term investors—investors who commit their money to an investment for ten full years—did do well when prices were low relative to earnings at the beginning of the ten years. Long-term investors would be well advised, individually, to lower their exposure to the stock market when it is high, as it has been recently, and get into the market when it is low.\"<ref name=\"IE2\"/>")
![VOC]] chamber of [[Enkhuizen]], dated 9 Sep 1606.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/VOC aandeel 9 september 1606.jpg?width=200 "VOC]] chamber of [[Enkhuizen]], dated 9 Sep 1606.")
Википедия
A stock trader or equity trader or share trader, also called a stock investor, is a person or company involved in trading equity securities and attempting to profit from the purchase and sale of those securities. Stock traders may be an investor, agent, hedger, arbitrageur, speculator, or stockbroker. Such equity trading in large publicly traded companies may be through a stock exchange. Stock shares in smaller public companies may be bought and sold in over-the-counter (OTC) markets or in some instances in equity crowdfunding platforms.
Stock traders can trade on their own account, called proprietary trading, or through an agent authorized to buy and sell on the owner’s behalf. Trading through an agent is usually through a stockbroker. Agents are paid a commission for performing the trade.
Major stock exchanges have market makers who help limit price variation (volatility) by buying and selling a particular company's shares on their own behalf and also on behalf of other clients.
